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BIOL630

References
Primary Literature Sources
Babaasa, Dennis. “Habitat Selection by Elephants in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, South-Western Uganda.” African Journal of Ecology, vol. 38, no. 2, 23 Sept. 2008, pp. 116–122., doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2028.2000.00226.x
Buss, Irven O., and Norman S. Smith. “Observations on Reproduction and Breeding Behavior of the African Elephant.” The Journal of Wildlife Management, vol. 30, no. 2, Apr. 1966, pp. 375–388., doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3797826
Cerling, T. E., et al. “Stable Isotopes in Elephant Hair Document Migration Patterns and Diet Changes.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 103, no. 2, 3 Nov. 2006, pp. 371–373., doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509606102
Clauss, Marcus, et al. “Observations on the Length of the Intestinal Tract of African Loxodonta Africana (Blumenbach 1797) and Asian Elephants Elephas Maximus (Linné 1735).” European Journal of Wildlife Research, vol. 53, no. 1, 2006, pp. 68–72., doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-006-0064-0
Clegg, B.W. “Habitat and Diet Selection by the African Elephant at the Landscape Level: a Functional Integration of Multi-Scale Foraging Processes.” Jan. 2008, pp. 1–195., doi: https://doi.org/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/39666647.pdf
de Knegt, H. J., van Langevelde, F., Skidmore, A. K., Delsink, A., Slotow, R., Henley, S., … Prins, H. H. T. (2010). The spatial scaling of habitat selection by African elephants. Journal of Animal Ecology, 80(1), 270–281., doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01764.x
Douglas-Hamilton, Iain, et al. “Behavioural Reactions of Elephants towards a Dying and Deceased Matriarch.” Applied Animal Behaviour Science, vol. 100, no. 1-2, 7 Apr. 2005, pp. 87–102., doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2006.04.014
Gaeth, A. P., et al. “The Developing Renal, Reproductive, and Respiratory Systems of the African Elephant Suggest an Aquatic Ancestry.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 96, no. 10, 11 May 1999, pp. 5555–5558., doi:10.1073/pnas.96.10.5555.
Hanks, J. “REPRODUCTION OF ELEPHANT, LOXODONTA AFRICANA, IN THE LUANGWA VALLEY, ZAMBIA.” Reproduction, vol. 30, no. 1, 1 July 1972, pp. 13–26., doi: https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0300013
McComb, K., et al. “Matriarchs As Repositories of Social Knowledge in African Elephants.” Science, vol. 292, no. 5516, 2001, pp. 491–494., doi:10.1126/science.1057895.
McComb, Karen, et al. “Leadership in Elephants: the Adaptive Value of Age.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 278, no. 1722, 16 Mar. 2011, pp. 3270–3276., doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0168
Owen-Smith, Norman, and Jonas Chafota. “Selective Feeding by a Megaherbivore, the African Elephant (Loxodonta Africana).” Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 93, no. 3, 28 June 2012, pp. 698–705., doi: https://doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-A-350.1
Perry, J.S. “The Reproduction of the African Elephant, Loxodanta Africana.” JSTOR, vol. 237, ser. 643, 10 Feb. 1953, pp. 93–149. 643., https://www.jstor.org/stable/92420
Purdon, Andrew, et al. “Partial Migration in Savanna Elephant Populations Distributed across Southern Africa.” Scientific Reports, vol. 8, no. 1, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29724-9
Roever, C. L., et al. “The Pitfalls of Ignoring Behaviour When Quantifying Habitat Selection.” Diversity and Distributions, vol. 20, no. 3, 24 Dec. 2013, pp. 322–333., doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12164
Ullrey, Duane E., et al. “ELEPHANTS: NUTRITION AND DIETARY HUSBANDRY.” Http://Elephantcare.org, Sept. 1997, elephantcare.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Elephant-Nutrition-and-Dietary-Husbandry.pdf.
West, John B. “Snorkel Breathing in the Elephant Explains the Unique Anatomy of Its Pleura.” Respiration Physiology, vol. 126, no. 1, 2001, pp. 1–8., doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00203-1
West, John B., et al. “Fetal Lung Development in the Elephant Reflects the Adaptations Required for Snorkeling in Adult Life.” Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, vol. 138, no. 2-3, 2003, pp. 325–333., doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1569-9048(03)00199-X
Wittemyer, G., et al. “The Socioecology of Elephants: Analysis of the Processes Creating Multitiered Social Structures.” Animal Behaviour, vol. 69, no. 6, 7 Apr. 2005, pp. 1357–1371., doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.08.018
Gray Literature Sources
“African Elephant, Facts and Photos.” Animals, www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/african-elephant.
“African Vs Asian Elephants: The 10 Physical Differences.” SafarisAfricana, 17 Nov. 2020, safarisafricana.com/african-vs-asian-elephant/.
“Amazing Facts about Elephants: OneKindPlanet Animal Education.” OneKindPlanet, onekindplanet.org/animal/elephant/.
Cushman, A. “Featured Animal: African Elephant.” Animal Fact Guide, 3 Aug. 2017, animalfactguide.com/2017/08/featured-animal-african-elephant/.
Heimbuch, Jaymi. “13 Fascinating Facts About Elephants.” Treehugger, 25 Mar. 2021, www.treehugger.com/facts-change-way-see-elephants-4869315.
“Six Elephant Fun Facts for Kids - Blog.” For Elephants, Omaha Media Group LLC , www.4elephants.org/blog/article/six-elephant-fun-facts-for-kids.
“Top 10 Facts about Elephants.” WWF, www.wwf.org.uk/learn/fascinating-facts/elephants.
“What's the Difference between Asian and African Elephants? And 8 Other Elephant Facts.” WWF, World Wildlife Fund, www.worldwildlife.org/stories/what-s-the-difference-between-asian-and-african-elephants-and-8-other-elephant-facts.
“10 Amazing Elephant Facts You Need to Know.” United For Wildlife, 26 Oct. 2017, unitedforwildlife.org/10-amazing-elephant-facts-need-know/.
“10 Top Elephant Facts!: Animals.” National Geographic Kids, 16 Sept. 2020, www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/animals/general-animals/elephant-facts/.
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